In economic terms, what does the term 'fiscal policy' primarily relate to?

Fiscal policy primarily relates to government spending and tax policies. It encompasses the techniques that governments use to influence the economy by adjusting their levels of spending and taxation. When a government wants to boost economic growth, it may increase public spending or cut taxes, putting more money into the hands of consumers and businesses. Conversely, to combat inflation, a government might reduce spending or raise taxes, which can help to cool an overheated economy.

The other options represent distinct aspects of economic policy. Regulation of foreign investments pertains to policies that manage how foreign capital flows in and out of a country, which is not the focus of fiscal policy. Control of inflation rates can be influenced by fiscal policy, but it primarily relates to broader economic management, including monetary policy. Lastly, monetary policy decisions, which involve controlling the money supply and interest rates, are handled by central banks and not directly related to fiscal policy, which is centered on government budgetary choices.