What does the Phillips Curve illustrate?

The Phillips Curve illustrates the inverse relationship between inflation and unemployment, demonstrating that, in the short run, as inflation rises, unemployment tends to decrease, and vice versa. This relationship is based on the observation that when the economy is growing and demand for labor increases, businesses may raise wages to attract workers, leading to higher overall price levels (inflation). Conversely, during periods of high unemployment, there tends to be less upward pressure on wages and prices, resulting in lower inflation rates.

This concept helps policymakers understand the trade-offs between inflation and unemployment when making economic decisions, especially in the context of macroeconomic policies aimed at stabilizing the economy. Understanding this relationship is crucial for economists and policymakers as they navigate issues related to employment and price stability.