What is the relationship between economic growth and inflation?

The relationship between economic growth and inflation is nuanced, and option C captures this dynamic well. Moderate inflation can indeed accompany economic growth, as both phenomena can occur together in a thriving economy. When an economy expands, businesses typically produce more goods and services to meet higher consumer demand. This increased production may lead to higher prices, reflecting moderate inflation.

During periods of economic growth, factors such as rising employment and falling unemployment rates contribute to increased consumer spending, which can further push prices upward. Therefore, it is common to observe moderate inflation as a byproduct of a robust economic expansion.

In contrast, higher inflation does not consistently signal economic growth, as evidenced by instances where economies experience stagflation—an economic condition characterized by slow growth and high inflation simultaneously. Option C effectively illustrates that there’s often a correlation between moderate inflation and economic growth, while also acknowledging that this relationship is not absolute.