What primarily causes a demand-pull inflation scenario?

Demand-pull inflation occurs when the overall demand for goods and services in an economy exceeds their supply, leading to an increase in prices. This scenario is primarily caused by increased consumer demand for goods and services. When consumers are more willing to spend—due to factors such as higher incomes, increased consumer confidence, or expansionary monetary policy—the heightened demand can outpace the economy's ability to produce goods and services. As a result, businesses raise prices to balance the increased demand, resulting in inflation.

In contrast, factors like increased labor costs generally affect production costs and can lead to cost-push inflation, which arises from the supply side of the economy. Similarly, decreased supply due to production issues would also not lead to demand-pull inflation but rather exacerbate cost-push inflation by restricting the availability of goods. Stabilization of government price controls, on the other hand, typically aims to maintain price levels rather than allowing them to increase naturally due to heightened demand. Thus, increased consumer demand is the key driver behind demand-pull inflation.