Which of the following factors can shift the aggregate demand curve?

The selection of changes in consumer spending as the factor that can shift the aggregate demand curve is correct because consumer spending directly influences the overall demand for goods and services in an economy. When consumers increase their spending, perhaps due to rises in income, increased consumer confidence, or favorable economic conditions, it leads to higher aggregate demand. This shift can prompt businesses to increase production and potentially lead to economic growth. Conversely, if consumer spending decreases, aggregate demand would shift to the left, indicating a reduction in demand for goods and services at all price levels.

Changes in resource prices, population demographics, and the unemployment rate can impact the broader economy but do not directly cause shifts in the aggregate demand curve. Changes in resource prices typically affect the aggregate supply side, as they alter production costs for businesses. Population demographics can influence long-term economic trends and the composition of demand but are not immediate drivers of demand changes. The unemployment rate is a variable that reflects the state of the economy and can influence consumer confidence and spending, but it does not directly cause shifts in aggregate demand. Therefore, the response focuses on the direct and immediate impact of consumer spending on the aggregate demand curve.