Which of the following statements is true about the Phillips curve?

The Phillips curve illustrates an important relationship between inflation and unemployment, particularly emphasizing that lower levels of unemployment can be associated with higher rates of inflation. This relationship is based on the idea that when unemployment falls below a certain level, the competition for jobs begins to increase wages, leading to increased consumer spending and ultimately driving up prices, resulting in inflation. This concept is particularly relevant in the short-run perspective of the Phillips curve where there is an inverse relationship observed between inflation and unemployment rates.

While the other statements may touch upon aspects of macroeconomic theory, they do not accurately describe the Phillips curve's primary implication regarding the trade-offs between inflation and unemployment, which is central to understanding economic policy and its impact on these variables. The Phillips curve is primarily a short-run phenomenon rather than a long-term prediction, and it does not claim that inflation and unemployment can be reduced simultaneously but rather highlights the potential for inflation to rise as unemployment decreases. Additionally, the concept of government intervention affecting market outcomes is more nuanced and extends beyond the specific framework of the Phillips curve.