Which statement about budget deficits and national debt is correct?

The national debt is considered a stock variable because it represents the total amount of money that a government owes at a specific point in time. It accumulates over time as the government borrows money to cover its deficits. Essentially, the national debt shows the total outstanding liability of the government.

Conversely, the federal budget deficit is a flow variable because it measures the difference between the government's expenditures and its revenues over a specific period, usually a year. It indicates how much the government is borrowing in that time frame, showing the rate at which the debt is increasing.

Understanding these definitions helps clarify why the relationship between national debt and federal budget deficit is categorized this way: the national debt indicates a fixed amount owed at any point, while the budget deficit reflects the ongoing financial activities of the government, highlighting the rate of new debt incurred over time.